Gerund
Gerund adalah kata benda yang dibentuk melalui bare
infinitive (Verb-1) + -ing.
Karena Gerund ini sebagai
kata benda, maka posisinya dalam kalimat adalah
sebagai berikut:
1. Diletakan Sebagai Subyek
Contoh:
Smoking is not good for health.
2. Diletakan Sebagai Obyek (Setelah Kata Kerja)
Contoh:
She always avoids meeting her brother.
Gerund sebagai obyek terletak setelah kata-kata
kerja tertentu seperti:
delay
|
= menunda
|
deny
|
= menyangkal
|
detest
|
= benci
|
discuss
|
= merundingkan
|
dislike
|
= tidak suka
|
dread
|
= takut
|
enjoy
|
= menikmati
|
escape
|
= melepaskan, melarikan
diri
|
excuse
|
= meminta maaf, permisi
|
loathe
|
= benci
|
mention
|
= menyebutkan
|
mind
|
= keberatan
|
pardon
|
= memaafkan
|
postpone
|
= menunda
|
practise
|
= berlatih
|
prevent
|
= mencegah
|
quit
|
= berhenti
|
propose
|
= mengusulkan
|
recall
|
= mengingat, menimbulkan
|
recollect
|
= mengingat kembali
|
recommend
|
= mengingatkan
|
remember
|
= mengingat
|
resent
|
= benci akan/marah
|
resist
|
= menentang/melawan
|
fancy
|
= membayangkan
|
finish
|
= menyelesaikan
|
imagine
|
= membayangkan
|
involve
|
= melibatkan
|
keep
|
= melanjutkan
|
risk
|
= membahayakan
|
save
|
= menyelematkan
|
3. Sebagai Nominal Predicate (Setelah To Be)
Contoh:
My hobby is singing.
4. Diletakan Setelah Preposisi (Seperti for, from, on,
of, after, before, without, by, dll)
Contoh:
He called me before visiting my home.
He is interested in climbing.
5. Diletakan Sebagai Compund Nouns
Contoh:
waiting room = ruang tunggu
swimming pool = kolam renang
6. Diletakan Setelah Possesive Adjectives
Contoh:
His coming makes us happy.
7. Diletakan Setelah Ungkapan Tertentu seperti:
look forward to = menanti
can’t stand = tidak tahan
can’t help = tidak mampu menghentikan diri dari
melakukan sesuatu
it is no use = tidak ada gunanya
it is no good = tidak baik
to be used to = terbiasa
object to = menolak
Contoh:
I look forward to meeting you.
Infinitive
Infinitive adalah kata kerja dasar dalam bahasa Inggris.
Infinitive terbagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu:
1. To Infinitive (Diawali dengan to)
Posisi To Infinitve:
a. Setelah Kata Sifat
Contoh:
She is happy to meet her father.
b. Setelah kata-kata the first, the second, the
only, dll.
Contoh:
She is always the last to come and the first to
leave.
c. Setelah kata-kata How, What, When, Where,
dll.
Contoh:
We don’t know how to use it.
d. Setelah Kata-Kata Kerja Tertentu Seperti:
advise
|
= menasihati
|
force
|
= memaksa
|
forbid
|
= melarang
|
order
|
= memesan
|
invite
|
= mengundang
|
ask
|
= meminta/bertanya
|
allow
|
= mengizinkan
|
say
|
= berkata
|
want
|
= ingin
|
need
|
= perlu
|
refuse
|
= menolak
|
beg
|
= memohon
|
decide
|
= memutuskan
|
demand
|
= meminta
|
forget
|
= melupakan
|
learn
|
= mempelajari
|
intend
|
= bermaksud
|
regret
|
= menyesal
|
Contoh:
He wants to buy a new car.
e. Setelah kata benda
Contoh:
I have some books to read.
f. Setelah kata too dan enough
Contoh:
It is too difficult to understand.
It is clear enough to understand.
g. Sebagai Subyek
Contoh:
To drive slowly is very necessary.
h. Setelah Exclamatory Sentence
Contoh:
How happy to go with you.
2. Bare Infinitive (Tanpa to)
Posisi Bare Infinitve:
a. Setelah Modal Auxiliaries
Contoh:
I can speak English.
b. Setelah kata kerja Let, Make, dan Help.
Contoh:
You make me cry.
Gerund dan Infinitive dalam TOEFL
Latihan
Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan
memberikan tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang
dianggap benar dan berikan alasannya!
1. Vemont, commonly known as the Green Mountain
State, refused ________ until 1791.
A. to join the Union
B. joining the Union
C. the joining the Union
D. join the union
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. Adult eagles let their offspring _______ nests near
their original nesting area.
A. build
B. builds
C. building
D. to build
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
3. Air constricted between the vocal chords makes them
__________, producing sounds.
A. to vibrate
B. vibrating
C. vibrate
D. the vibration
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
4. The flexibility of film allows the artist _________
unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon
characters.
A. to bring
B. bringing
C. is brought
D. brings
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
5. The work of painters in the United States during the
early twentieth century is noted for ______ as well a
telling stories.
A. it is representing of images.
B. which images representing
C. the images representing
D. representing images
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
6. David’s mother let him _____________ her car.
A. using
B. to use
C. used
D. use
Alasan:
__________________________________________ __________________________________________
__________________________________________
7. __________ raw materials into useful products is
called manufacturing.
A. Transform
B. Transforming
C. Being transformed
D. When transforming
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
8. The operetta first ___________ as a popular form of
musical theatre in the nineteenth century.
A. to emerge
B. emerging
C. has emerged
D. emerged
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
9. Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by
___________ the trails of meteors passing through it.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. watch
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
10. She always avoids __________ her father.
A. meet
B. to meet
C. meeting
D. met
Alasan:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
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