Tenses
Rumus Simple Past Tense dan Contoh Soalnya Dalam TOEFL
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
&
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
1. Present Continuous Tense
A. Penggunaan Kalimat
Untuk
menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada saat sekarang atau pada saat berbicara.
Contoh:
I am reading a
book now.
B. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + To Be + V-ing + O/C.
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(-) S + To Be + not + V-ing + O/C.
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(?) To Be + S + V-ing + O/C?
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Catatan:
S = Subject
(Subjek)
To Be = is/am/are
V-ing = Verb-ing
O = Object (Objek)
C= Complement
(Pelengkap)
Contoh dalam
kalimat:
(+) S + To Be + V-ing + O/C.
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|||
I
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am
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watching
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TV.
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You We They
The students Tina
and Tini
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are
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He She It
The student Tini
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is
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(-) S + To Be + not + V-ing + O/C.
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I
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am
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not
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watching
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TV.
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You We They
The students Tina and Tini
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are
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He She It
The student Tini
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is
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(?) To Be + S + V-ing + O/C?
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Am
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I
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Are
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you
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we
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they
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the students
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Watchin
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TV?
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Tina and Tini
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g
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Is
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he
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she
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it
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the student
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Tini
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Jawaban Singkat
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Yes,
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I
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am.
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He
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is.
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|
she
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it
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Tina
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the boy
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you
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are.
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we
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they
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the boys
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Tina and Tini
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No,
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I
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am not.
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He
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is not/isn’t.
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she
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it
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Tina
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the boy
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you
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are not/aren’t.
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we
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they
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the boys
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Tina and Tini
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C. Keterangan Waktu
Contoh keterangan waktu dalam Present Continuous
Tense:
now = sekarang
right now =
sekarang
at present = sekarang
at this moment =
pada saat ini
still = masih
D. Catatan
1. To Be dalam Present Continuous Tense adalah:
is, am, are.
I = am
You, We, They = are
He, She, It = is
2. Untuk membuat kalimat (-) dengan cara
menambahkan ‘not’ setelah ‘To Be’.
Contoh = I am not speaking English.
3. Ketentuan pembentukan Verb-ing yaitu sebagai
berikut:
a. Secara umum Verb-1 langsung ditambah
imbuhan ‘-ing’.
Contoh:
break – breaking
sing – singing
b. Verb-1 yang mempunyai 1 suku kata atau
lebih, berakhiran huruf konsonan yang
didahului oleh huruf vokal, maka huruf
konsonan tersebut digandakan lalu ditambah
imbuhan –ing.
Contoh:
cut - cutting
admit – admitting
c. Verb-1 yang yang mempunyai 2 suku kata,
berakhiran huruf ‘l’ yang didahului oleh
huruf vokal, maka huruf ‘l’ tersebut
digandakan lalu ditambah imbuhan –ing.
Contoh:
travel – travelling
revel – revelling
Tapi jika Verb-1 yang berakhiran huruf ‘l’
didahului oleh dua huruf vokal, maka huruf
‘l’ tidak digandakan, langsung ditambah
imbuhan –ing.
Contoh:
sail – sailing
seal – sealing
conceal - concealing
4. Tidak semua Verb-1 boleh dibentuk menjadi
Verb-ing. Semestinya ada beberapa Verb-1 yang
tidak perlu ditambah imbuhan -ing untuk
menyatakan makna sedang berlangsung karena
secara implisit Verb-1 tersebut sudah
mengandung makna sedang berlangsung.
Diantaranya adalah:
a. Verbs of sense (kata kerja yang berkaitan
dengan panca indera).
Contoh verbs:
hear, see, smell, taste
Contoh kalimat:
I smell something burning.
b. Verbs of possession (kata kerja yang
berkaitan dengan kepemilikan).
Contoh verbs:
have, own, possess, belong to
Contoh kalimat:
I have a new car.
c. Verbs of opinion (kata kerja yang yang
berkaitan dengan pendapat).
Contoh verbs:
know, think, believe, understand, remember,
mean, recognize, forget.
Contoh kalimat:
I think she is kind.
d. Verbs of attitude (kata kerja yang berkaitan
dengan sikap).
Contoh verbs:
need, like, love, want, hate, appear, dislike,
seem.
Contoh kalimat:
I want a new bag.
F. Latihan 1 (A Guessing Game)
Beberapa orang akan dibagi dalam beberapa kelompok.
Salah satu anggota kelompok akan memperagakan
beberapa aktivitas yang tertera pada kartu yang telah
disediakan. Anggota kelompok lainnya berusaha
untuk menebak apa yang sedang diperagakan dengan
cara bertanya menggunakan Present Continuous Tense
kepada anggota yang memperagakan aktivitas tersebut
dalam durasi waktu yang telah ditetapkan.
Contoh:
Anggota 1: (memperagakan bahwa ia sedang
mengendarai sepeda)
Anggota 2: Are you riding a bicycle?
Anggota 1: Yes, I am riding a bicycle.
Anggota 1: (memperagakan bahwa ia sedang
mengepel lantai)
Anggota 2: Are you sweeping the floor?
Anggota 1: No, I am not sweeping the floor.
G. Latihan 2
Ubahlah kalimat-kalimat positif berikut menjadi
kalimat-kalimat negatif dan tanya!
1. (+) Tony is sleeping now.
(-) ______________________________________
(?) ______________________________________
2. (+) They are playing football right now.
(-) ______________________________________
(?) ______________________________________
3. (+) Annisa and Khalida are cooking at present.
(-)______________________________________
(?) ______________________________________
4. (+) They are waiting for the bus at this moment.
(-)______________________________________
(?) ______________________________________
5. (-) Andi and Dion are swimming in the river now.
(-)______________________________________
(?) ______________________________________
2. Past Continuous Tense
A. Penggunaan Kalimat
1. Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang
berlangsung pada waktu lampau. Contoh:
It was raining all day yesterday.
Dita was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
2. Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang
berlangsung ketika peristiwa lain terjadi pada
waktu lampau pula
Contoh:
He was cleaning the cupboard when I visited him
yesterday.
B. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + To Be + V-ing + O/C
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(-) S + To Be + not + V-ing + O/C.
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(?) To Be + S + V-ing + O/C?
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Catatan:
S = Subject
(Subjek)
To Be = was/were
V-ing = Verb-ing
O
= Object (Objek)
C= Complement
(Pelengkap)
Contoh dalam
kalimat:
(+) S + To Be + V-ing + O/C.
|
|||
I
He She It
The student Tini
|
was
|
watching
|
TV.
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You We They
The students Tina and Tini
|
were
|
watching
|
TV.
|
(-) S + To Be + not + V-ing + O/C.
|
||||
I
He She It
The student Tini
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was
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not
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watching
|
TV.
|
You We They
The students Tina
and Tini
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were
|
not
|
watching
|
TV.
|
(?) To Be + S + V-ing + O/C?
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|||
Was
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I
he she it
the student Tini
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watching
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TV?
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Were
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you we they
the students Tina
and Tini
|
watching
|
TV?
|
Jawaban Singkat
|
||
Yes,
|
I
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was.
|
he
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||
she
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||
it
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||
the student
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||
Tina
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you
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were.
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|
we
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||
they
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||
the students
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||
Tina and Tini
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||
No,
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I
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was not/wasn’t.
|
he
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she
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||
it
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||
the student
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||
Tina
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||
you
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were not/weren’t.
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|
we
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||
they
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||
the students
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||
Tina and Tini
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C. Keterangan Waktu
Contoh keterangan waktu dalam Past Continuous
Tense:
……… when = ketika
as …….. = ketika
while ……… = ketika
at …….. o’clock yesterday = pada pukul …… kemarin
all morning yesterday = sepanjang pagi kemarin
all night yesterday = sepanjang malam kemarin
all day yesterday = sepanjang hari kemarin
dst.
D. Catatan Tips
Tips:
Untuk kalimat yang menggunakan keterangan waktu
when/as/while, hapalkan rumus di bawah ini:
PaCo when SiPa
When SiPa, PaCo
SiPa while/as PaCo
While/As PaCo, SiPa
Catatan:
PaCo = Past Continuous Tense
SiPa = Simple Past Tense
Contoh dalam kalimat:
I was watching TV when you came.
(PaCo) (SiPa)
Kalimat yang menggunakan Past Continuous Tense
menunjukan aktivitas pada waktu lampau yang lebih
dulu terjadi daripada aktivitas pada kalimat Simple
Past Tense.
E. Latihan 1
Ubahlah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dari Present
Continuous Tense menjadi Past Continuous Tense!
1. She is reading a book.
2. They are waiting for you.
3. Amit is eating pizza.
4. We are watching TV.
5. The children are sleeping.
6. Lala is washing her clothes.
7. He is taking a nap.
8. Her father is drinking a cup of coffee.
9. Hani and her mother are shopping.
10. The students are reading aloud.
F. Latihan 2
Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan mengubah kata-kata kerja yang diberi tanda kurung ( ) ke dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense atau Past Continuous Tense dengan tepat!1. While I (walk) ________________under a guava tree, a guava (fall) ______ and (hit) ___________ me on the head.
2. While everyone (sleep) ____________, a thief (break) _________into the house.
3. It (begin) _____________ to rain while we (walk) ______________ to school.
4. While I (eat) ______________ a durian, I (start) __________ feeling dizzy.
5. She (sweep) ______________ the floor when I (come) _______________ to her house.
6. She (wave) _____________ at me when she (see) __________ me at the airport.
G. Latihan 3
Past Continuous Tense dalam TOEFL Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan memberikan tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang dianggap benar dan berikan alasannya!1. While Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, _________.
a. his wife was sleeping
b. his wife slept
c. his wife has slept
d. his wife has been sleeping
Alasan:
__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________
2. As I __________, I suddenly remembered that it was your birthday.
a. to feed my cats
b. am feeding my cats
c. had fed my cats
d. was feeding my cats
Alasan:
__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________
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