Rumus Present Perfect Tense dan Past Perfect Tense dan Contoh Soalnya dalam TOEFL

Present Perfect Tense
&
Past Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense 

A. Penggunaan Kalimat

1. Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah/belum terjadi pada waktu lampau yang tidak dinyatakan secara jelas kapan terjadinya (Lebih menekankan pada sudah/belum terjadi suatu aktivitas, bukan tentang kapan terjadinya). 

Contoh: I have ever gone to Samarinda. 

2. Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah dilakukan pada waktu sekarang dan biasanya berdampak pada aktivitas lain pada waktu sekarang pula. 

Contoh: I have finished my homework and now we can go to the cinema.

B. Pola Kalimat 

- Menggunakan Verb

(+) S + have/has + V-3 + O/C.

(-) S + have/has + not + V-3+ O/C.

(?) Have/Has + S + V-3 + O/C?

Catatan: S = Subject (Subjek) 

V-3 = Verb-3 (Kata kerja bentuk ke-3) 

O = Object (Objek) 

C= Complement (Pelengkap)

Contoh dalam kalimat:

(+) S + have/has + V-3 + O
I	have
You
We
They
The students
Tina and Tini		visited	Kum-Kum.
He	has
She
It
The student
Tini

(-) S + have/has + not + V-3+ O
I	have
You
We
They
The students
Tina and Tini		not	visited	Kum-Kum.
He	has
She
It
The student
Tini

(?) Have/Has + S + V-3 + O?
Have	I
	you
	we
	they
	the students
	Tina and Tini	visited	Kum-Kum?
Has	he
	she
	it
	the student
	Tini

Jawaban Singkat
Yes,	I	have.
	you
	we
	they
	the boys
	Tina and Tini
	he	has.
	she
	it
	Tina
	the boy
No,	I	have not/haven‟t.
	you
	we
	they
	the boys
	Tina and Tini
	he	has not/hasn‟t.
	she
	it
	Tina
	the boy

- Menggunakan To Be

(+) S + have/has been + C.

(-) S + have/has+ not + been + C.

(?) Have/has + S + been + C?

Catatan: S = Subject (Subjek) 

O = Object (Objek) 

C= Complement (Pelengkap) 

Contoh dalam kalimat:

(+) S + have/has been + C
I	have
You
We
They
The students
Tina and Tini		been	to Sampit.
He	has
She
It
The student
Tini

(-) S + have/has+ not + been + C
I	have
You
We
They
The students
Tina and Tini		not	been	to Sampit.
He	has
She
It
The student
Tini

(?) Have/has + S + been + C?
Have	I
	you
	we
	they
	the students
	Tina and Tini	been	to Sampit?
Has	he
	she
	it
	the student
	Tini

Jawaban Singkat
Yes,	I	have been.
	you
	we
	they
	the boys
	Tina and Tini
	he	has been.
	she
	it
	Tina
	the boy
No,	I	have not been/haven‟t been.
	you
	we
	they
	the boys
	Tina and Tini
	he	has not been/hasn‟t been.
	she
	it
	Tina
	the boy

C. Keterangan Waktu

Contoh keterangan waktu dalam Present Perfect Tense:

just = baru saja 

recently = baru-baru ini 

lately = akhir-akhir ini 

yet = belum 

still = masih 

already = sudah/telah 

before = sebelumnya 

ever = pernah 

never = tidak pernah 

for an hour = selama satu jam 

for years = selama bertahun-tahun 

since 2018 = sejak tahun 2018 

dst. 

D. Catatan

1. Untuk pembentukan kalimat negatif (-), tambahkan kata „not‟ setelah „have/has‟. 

Contoh: I have not gone to Jakarta yet. 

2. Untuk menanyakan periode waktu dalam Present Perfect Tense, gunakan "How long‟. 

Contoh: 

A: How long have you lived here? 

B: I have lived here for three years. 

3. Untuk menanyakan frekuensi aktivitas yang telah terjadi dalam Present Perfect Tense, gunakan “how many times‟ 

Contoh: 

A: How many times have you gone to Jakarta? 

B: I have gone to Jakarta three times. 

4. Kata kerja yang digunakan dalam Present Perfect Tense adalah kata kerja bentuk ketiga (Verb-3) yang terdiri dari dua jenis: 

a. Regular verbs (kata kerja beraturan) 

b. Irregular verbs (kata kerja tidak beraturan) 

Tips: 

1. Hapalkan daftar kata kerja tidak beraturan (Irregular verbs) saja. 

2. Tambahkan imbuhan –ed dalam Verb 1 yang tidak masuk dalam daftar kata kerja tidak beraturan (Irregular verbs) untuk mengubahnya menjadi Verb-3 (Regular verbs). 

E. Latihan 1 (Present Perfect Tense)

1. Tulis tiga aktivitas yang tidak terlupakan/menyenangkan yang pernah kamu lakukan dalam hidupmu dalam bentuk Present Perfect Tense!
Kemudian, ceritakan kepada teman-teman sekelasmu di depan kelas! 

I have ever……………. 

2. Tulis tiga aktivitas yang tidak pernah kamu lakukan dalam hidupmu dalam bentuk Present Perfect Tense! 
Kemudian, ceritakan kepada teman-teman sekelasmu di depan kelas! 

I have not ever ……………. I have never ……………. 

F. Latihan 2 (Present Perfect Tense vs Simple Past Tense)

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan mengubah kata-kata kerja yang diberi tanda kurung ( ) ke dalam bentuk Present Perfect Tense atau Simple Past Tense dengan tepat! 

1. Rudy (go) _______________ to Ilham‟s birthday party last Saturday night. 

2. I (be) __________ here since 9 o‟clock. 

3. They (arrive) __________ here three days ago. 

4. Laudya Cyntya Bella is a movie star. She (act) ____________in many movies. Two years ago, she (act) _______________ in a movie entitled “Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2”. 

5. I (know) __________ her for five years.

G. Latihan 3

Ubahlah kalimat-kalimat positif berikut menjadi kalimat-kalimat negatif dan tanya dalam bentuk Present Perfect Tense! 

1. (+) The lecturer has already come. 

(-) ______________________________________ 

(?) ______________________________________ 

2. (+) The students have finished their homework. 

(-) ______________________________________ 

(?) ______________________________________ 

3. (+) I have never seen snow in my entire lifetime. 

(-) ______________________________________ 

(?) ______________________________________ 

4. (+) Tania has bought a new bag recently. 

(-) ______________________________________ 

(?) ______________________________________ 

5. (+) He has ever gone to London. 

(-) ______________________________________ 

(?) ______________________________________

H. Latihan 4 (Present Perfect Tense dalam TOEFL)

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan memberikan tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang dianggap benar dan berikan alasannya! 

1. The children are watching TV now because they ___________ their homework. 

a. are doing 

b. had done 

c. have done 

d. were doing 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

2. Alfred Adams has not ______________________. 

a. lived lonelynessly in times previous 

b. never before lived sole 

c. ever lived alone before 

d. before lived without the company of his friends 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

3. Peru which is reforming its maritime transportation system in order to reduce port costs and increase efficiency have already _______________________. 

a. had encouraging results 

b. having encouraged results 

c. having encouraging results 

d. had encouraged results 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

4. I‟ve _________ at the certain place where I just went. 

a. arrive b. arrives c. arriving d. arrived 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

5. She hasn‟t ________ the letter. 

a. type b. typed c. typing d. types 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

2. Past Perfect Tense

A. Penggunaan Kalimat

Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sudah/belum terjadi sebelum aktivitas lain terjadi pada waktu lampau. 

Contoh: 

He had gone to Banjarmasin when I visited him.

B. Pola Kalimat

- Menggunakan Verb

(+) S + had + V-3 + O/C.

(-) S + had + not + V-3 + O/C.

(?) Had + S + V-3 + O/C?

Catatan: 

S = Subject (Subjek) 

V-3 = Verb-3 (Kata kerja bentuk ke-3) 

O = Object (Objek) 

C= Complement (Pelengkap)

Contoh dalam kalimat:

(+) S + had + V-3 + O
I He She It The student Tini You We They The students Tina and Tini	had	locked	the door.

(-) S + had + not + V-3 + O
I He She It The student Tini You We They The students Tina and Tini	had	not	locked	the door .

(?) Had + S + V-3 + O?
Had	I he she it the student Tini you we they the students Tina and Tini	locked	the door?

Jawaban Singkat
Yes,	I he she it the student Tina you we they the students Tina and Tini	had.

No,

I he she it the student Tina you we they the students Tina and Tini

had not/hadn‟t.

C. Keterangan Waktu

Contoh keterangan waktu dalam Past Perfect Tense: 

after ….. = setelah/sesudah 

…… before = sebelum 

….. when = ketika 

dst. 

D. Catatan 

Tips: Untuk kalimat yang menggunakan keterangan waktu after, before, dan when, hapalkan pola berikut ini! 

SiPa after PaPe 

After PaPe, SiPa 

PaPe before SiPa 

Before SiPa, PaPe 

PaPe when SiPa 

When SiPa, PaPe 

Catatan: 

SiPa = Simple Past Tense 

PaPe = Past Perfect Tense 

Contoh: I went to the shop after I had locked the door. (SiPa) (PaPe)

E. Latihan 1 (Simple Past vs Past Perfect)

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan mengubah kata-kata kerja yang diberi tanda kurung ( ) ke dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense atau Past Perfect Tense dengan tepat! 

1. When I (arrive) ________________ here, I (know, not) _____________________ much about Palangka Raya. 

2. Randy (be) _____________ a news presenter before he (become) __________________ a businessman. 

3. I (coach) ___________ a soccer team when I (be) in my hometown. 

4. We (leave) __________ our house after we (lock) __________________ the door. 

5. I was late yesterday. When I (come) ___________, the lecturer (give, already) _________________ a quiz. 

6. I had a fever last night. I (feel) _______________ a little better after I (take) ________________ the medicine. 

7. My mother (cook) __________________ breakfast when I (get up) ___________________. 

8. I was very late two days ago. The meeting (finished, already) _______________, when I (arrive) _______________. 

9. Annisa (leave, already) _______________ before we (come) ________________. 

10. After he (move out) _______________, we (find) _________________ her notes.

F. Latihan 2 (Past Perfect Tense dalam TOEFL)

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan memberikan tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang dianggap benar dan berikan alasannya! 

1. The cyclist _________________ he crossed the main street. 

a. looked with caution after 

b. had looked cautiously before 

c. was looked cautious when 

d. looks cautious when 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

2. Someone had __________ the window. 

a. break b. broken c. breaks d. breaking 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

3. The President went fishing after he ________ the conference. 

a. his finished b. had finish c. had been finished d. had finished 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

4. Before he went to school, he ___________________. 

a. was having breakfast 

b. has breakfast 

c. had had breakfast 

d. had been breakfast 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 

5. The secretary __________ the letter before the boss arrived 

a. had already typed 

b. had all ready typed 

c. had already been typed 

d. was typed 

Alasan: 

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________