Pengertian Nouns & Pronouns dan Contoh Soalnya Dalam TOEFL

Nouns & Prononuns 

Nouns (Kata Benda)

Nouns (Kata Benda) Berdasarkan jumlahnya, kata benda terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu:

1. Countable Noun 

Countable noun merupakan jenis kata benda yang bisa dihitung. Untuk mengubah singular noun menjadi plural noun, aturannya adalah sebagai berikut:

a. Penambahan imbuhan –s pada akhir singular noun
                 Contoh:

Singular	Plural
song	songs
book	books

b.   Penambahan imbuhan –es pada singular noun yang berakhiran –sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -z, dan -x 

                Contoh:

Singular	Plural
box	boxes
bus	buses

 c.  Penambahan   imbuhan    –ies    pada    singular noun yang berakhiran –y

                 Contoh:

Singular	Plural
baby	babies
library	libraries
country	countries
dormitory	dormitories
dictionary	dictionaries

d.   Penambahan imbuhan –s pada singular noun

Penambahan imbuhan –s pada singular noun yang berakhiran –y

                Contoh:

Singular	Plural
boy	boys
way	ways

e.   Penambahan imbuhan –es pada singular noun

yang berakhiran -o

Contoh:

Singular	Plural
hero	heroes
potato	potatoes
tomato	tomatoes
mango	mangoes

f.   Penambahan imbuhan –s pada singular noun

yang berakiran -o

Contoh:

Singular	Plural
photo	photos
video	videos
kangaroo	kangaroo

g.  Penambahan imbuhan –s pada singular noun

yang berakhiran -f dan -ef

Contoh:

Singular	Plural
belief	beliefs
cliff	cliffs
roof	roofs
chief	chiefs

h.      Penambahan imbuhan –ves pada singular noun yang berakhiran –f dan –ef

Contoh:

Singular	Plural
wolf	wolves
thief	thieves
self	selves
knife	knives
leaf	leaves

i.        Singular noun yang memiliki bentuk jamak tidak beraturan (irregular plural forms) 

      Contoh:

Singular	Plural
man	men
woman	women
child	children
ox	oxen
person	people
foot	feet
goose	geese
tooth	teeth
mouse	mice
louse	lice
fish	fish
fruit	fruit
sheep	sheep
means	means
series	series
species	species

2. Uncountable noun

Uncountable noun merupakan jenis kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung. Kata benda yang termasuk dalam uncountable noun yaitu:

a. Kesatuan kelompok benda tersusun atas benda-benda sejenis
Contoh: 
baggage, garbage, luggage, equipment, food, fruit, furniture, jewelry, mail, money, scenery, traffic, dst.

b. Zat cair

Contoh:

water, soup, oil, gasoline, blood, dst.

c. Zat padat

Contoh:

ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, gold, iron, silver, paper, wood, cotton, wool, dst.

d. Zat gas

Contoh:

air, oxygen, nitrogen, dst.

e. Partikel

Contoh:

dirt, dust, salt, sugar, pepper, sand, sugar, wheat, flour, hair, dst.

f. Benda-benda abstrak

Contoh:

beauty, knowledge, confidence, courage, education, enjoyment, fun, happiness, health, help, honesty, hospitality, importance, luck, music, patience, piece, pride, news, wealth, dst.

g. Bahasa

Contoh:

English, Arabic, Spanish, dst.

h. Bidang studi

Contoh:

chemistry, history, mathematics, dst.

i. Hobi

Contoh:

basketball, badminton, tennis, dst.

j. Fenomena alam

Contoh:

thunder, lightning, sunshine, snow, fog, wind, darkness, dst.

Dalam menyatakan jumlah tertentu pada noncountable noun, digunakan unit of expression. 

Contoh:

A spoonful of sugar 

A glass of water

A cup of coffee

A loaf of bread 

A bowl of soup 

A bag of  flour 

A piece of paper Dst.

Latihan 1

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan bentuk-bentuk jamak (plural forms) yang benar dari kata-kata benda tunggal (singular nouns) yang diberi tanda kurung!

1.   Tania   saw some  (mouse)                              in the kitchen.

2. If a houseplant is given too much water, its lower (leaf)         turn yellow.

3. I caught  several  (fish)                                    in the river.

4. I met many beautiful (woman)                  yesterday.

5. The baby got two new (tooth)                     .

Nouns Dalam TOEFL

Latihan 2

Berilah    tanda    silang    (X)    pada    jawaban    yang dianggap salah dan berikan alasannya!

1.	Knowledges about cultures provides insight into the learned A                                                   B                     C
	behavior group. D

Alasan:

2.	The stories of Dr. Seuss have been enjoyed by millions A                                    B                       C
	of childrens. D

Alasan:

Pronouns (Kata Pengganti) 

Pronouns (kata pengganti) dapat dikelompokan dalam beberapa jenis diantaranya:

Personal Pronouns		Possessive		Reflexive Pronouns
Subject Pronouns	Object Pronouns	Possessive Adjectives	Possessive Pronouns
I	me	my	mine	myself
You	you	your	yours	yourself/yourselves
We	us	our	ours	ourselves
They	them	their	theirs	themselves
She	her	her	hers	herself
He	him	his	his	himself
It	it	its	its	itself

1.      Subject Pronouns 

      Contoh:

Harry is a smart student. He can answer all of the questions easily.

2.      Object Pronouns 

      Contoh:

Tom is a good son. His parents really love him. Catatan tambahan:

Object       pronouns       juga       digunakan      setelah

prepositions. 

Contoh: They are looking at me.

Possessive Pronouns: 

1. Possessive Adjectives Possesive adjective selalu diikuti kata benda (tidak bisa berdiri sendiri).

Contoh: This is my book. 

2. Possessive Pronouns Possesive pronouns tidak diikuti kata benda (berdiri sendiri). 

Contoh: That book is mine. 

Reflexive Pronouns: 

1. Digunakan saat objek adalah orang atau benda yang sama dengan subjek. 

Contoh: I saw myself in the mirror. 

2. Digunakan setelah prepositions, saat objek prepositional memiliki maksud yang sama dengan subjek. 

Contoh: Yani laughed at herself when she did a silly mistake. 

3. Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang dilakukan sendiri oleh subjek. 

Contoh: He always does the cooking himself. I live by myself. 

Latihan 1 

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan katakata pengganti (pronouns) yang benar! 

1. Aisyah is a nurse. _______ always goes to the hospital everyday. 

2. Ahmad is very nervous. It is the first time for ______ to speak in front of many people. 

3. Dania has a younger sister. ________ sister is so cute. 

4. Franky is the funniest student in our class. He always makes _______ laugh. 

5. I ________ will overcome the problem.

Pronouns Dalam TOEFL

Latihan 2

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan memberikan tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang dianggap benar dan berikan alasannya!

1.     Our daughter and son-in-law visit my wife and            every year.

a.       mine

b.      my

c.       I

d.      me 

Alasan:

2.     The   children   ran  screaming  into                 own rooms.

a.       his

b.      they’re

c.       their

d.      its 

Alasan:

3.     They were here, but they have gone back to                 apartment.

a.       they’re

b.      theirs

c.       his

d.      their 

Alasan:

4.     That umbrella is                  .

a.       our

b.      our’s

c.       ours

d.      to our 

Alasan:

5.     His mother wants                    to wash the dishes.

a.       he

b.      him

c.       himself

d.      he himself 

Alasan:

Latihan 3

Berilah    tanda    silang    (X)    pada    jawaban    yang dianggap salah dan berikan alasannya!

1.	Each of the students in the accounting class has to type A         B
	their own research paper this semester. C     D

           Alasan:

2.	Some of us have to study their lessons more carefully if A                  B                        C
	we expect to pass the examination. D

Alasan:

3.	Mr. Peters used to think of hisself as the only president A             B             C
	of the company. D

Alasan:

4.	Although Elmer did not look like his brother, there personalities A                                        B                          C
	were very similar. D

Alasan:

5.	You should try Larry and Kevin’s restaurant because their’s is A                                               B    C
	the best. D

Alasan: